Statistics Essays | Analysis of Data

Statistics Essays | Analysis of Data Consider and discuss the required approach to analysis of the data set provided. As part of this explore also how you would test the hypothesis below and explain the reasons for your decisions. Hypothesis 1: Male children are taller than female children. Null hypothesis; There is no difference in height between male children and female children. Hypothesis 2: Taller children are heavier. Null hypothesis: There is no relationship between how tall children are and how much they weigh. Analysis of data set The data set is a list of 30 childrens gender, age, height, the data weight, upper and lower limb lengths, eye colour, like of chocolate or not andIQ. There are two main things to consider before and the data. These are the types of data and the quality of the data as a sample. Types of data could be nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio.Nominal is also know as categorical. Coolican (1990) gives more details of all of these and his definitions have been used to decide the types of data in the data set. It is also helpful to distinguish between continuous numbers, which could be measured to any number of decimal places an discrete numbers such as integers which have finite jumps like 1,2 etc. Gender This variable can only distinguish between male or female.There is no order to this and so the data is nominal. Age This variable can take integer values. It could be measured to decimal places, but is generally only recorded as integer. It is ratio data because, for example, it would be meaningful to say that a 20 year old person is twice as old as a 10 year old. In this data set, the ages range from 120 months to 156months. This needs to be consistent with the population being tested. Height This variable can take values to decimal places if necessary. Again it is ratio data because, for example, it would be meaningful to say that a person who is 180 cm tall is 1.5 times as tall as someone 120cmtall. In this sample it is measured to the nearest cm. Weight Like height, this variable could take be measured to decimal places and is ratio data. In this sample it is measured to the nearest kg. Upper and lower limb lengths Again this variable is like height and weight and is ratio data. Eye colour This variable can take a limited number of values which are eye colours. The order is not meaningful. This data is therefore nominal(categorical). Like of chocolate or not As with eye colour, this variable can take a limited number of values which are the sample members preferences. In distinguishing merely between liking and disliking, the order is not meaningful. This data is therefore nominal (categorical). IQ IQ is a scale measurement found by testing each sample member. As such it is not a ratio scale because it would not be meaningful to say, for example, that someone with a score of 125 is 25% more intelligent than someone with a score of 100. There is another level of data mentioned by Cooligan into which none of the data set variables fit. That is Ordinal Data. This means that the data have an order or rank which makes sense. An example would be if 10students tried a test and you recorded who finished quickest, 2ndquickest etc, but not the actual time. The data is intended to be a sample from a population about which we can make inferences. For example in the hypothesis tests we want toknow whether they are indicative of population differences. The results can only be inferred on the population from which it is drawn it would not be valid otherwise. Details of sampling methods were found in Bland (2000). To accomplish the required objectives, the sample has to be representative of the defined population. It would also be more accurate if the sample is stratified by known factors like gender and age. This means that, for example, the proportion of males in the sample is the same as the proportion in the population. Sample size is another consideration. In this case it is 30.Whether this is adequate for the hypotheses being tested is examined below. Hypothesis 1: Male children are taller than female children. Swift (2001) gives a very readable account of the hypothesis testing process and the structure of the test. The first step is to set up the hypotheses: The Null hypothesis is that there is no difference in height between male children and female children. If the alternative was as Coolican describes it as we do not predict in which direction the results will go then it would have been a two-tailed test. In this case the alternative is that males are taller it is therefore a specific direction and so a one-tailed test is required. To test the hypothesis we need to set up a test statistic and then either match it against a pre-determined critical value or calculate the probability of achieving the sample value based on the assumption that the null hypothesis is true. The most commonly used significance level is 0.05. Accordingto Swift (2001) the significance level must be decided before the data is known. This is to stop researchers adjusting the significance level to get the result that they want rather than accepting or rejecting objectively. If the test statistic probability is less than 0.05 we would reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference between males and females in favour of males being heavier on the one sided basis. However it is possible for the test statistic to be in the rejection zone when in fact the null hypothesis is true. This is called a TypeI error. It is also possible for the test statistic to be in the acceptance zone when the alternative hypothesis is true (in other words the null hypothesis is false). This is called a Type II error. Power is 1 -probability of a Type II error and is therefore the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis. Whereas the Type I error is set at the desired level, the Type II error depends on the actual value of the alternative hypothesis. Coolican (1990) sets out the possible outcomes in the following table:

One amazing thing summary Essay

One Amazing Thing by: Chitra Divakaruni. It was first published in the US in voice by Hyperion in 2009 and later published by Penguin books India February 2010. The book also has 240 pages. Chitra B. Divakaiumi is an award winning author poet. Her work is widely known, as she has been published in over 500 magazines. Including Atlantic Monthly and The New Yorker, and her writing has been included in over 50 anthologies. She was born in India and lived there until 1976. At which point she left Calcutta and came to the United States. A young woman Uma, sits in the waiting room of the India passport office. She starts to get very impatient, and she entertains herself by observing the other people in the waiting room with her. Everyone has a reason of why they want to enter into India. In the waiting area their waits an Africa American war veteran Cameron who takes charge, but some are unhappy about it. A Muslim names Tariq. An upper class Caucasian couple that really don’t get alone. A Chinese grandmother with a secret past, and her granddaughter, two visa office workers on the verge of and affair Malathi and Mr. Mangalam, and Uma. As they all set in the waiting area Uma starts to feel a little rumbling and that when the earthquake strikes. When everything settles down, there were some major injuries as well as some minor injuries. People started to go into survival mode, as there is little food to eat. The office starts to flood. So emotional stress seems to much for everyone to handle as they wait to be rescued or die. So that’s when Uma comes up with everyone telling â€Å"One Amazing Thing† , about themselves because she believes that no one can go through life without encountering at least one amazing thing. So everyone begin to tell one amazing thing that they have never told anyone before. With One Amazing Thing everyone discover so much from each other as well as their selves. Elderly Caucasian couple Mr. and Mrs. Pritchet going through a difficult time in their marriage, an Indian-Muslim man Tariq who is disillusioned and angry with the new US, as Chinese lady Jiang who loved and lost a man in her younger days, her granddaughter Lily, a middle age army officer haunted by his guilt Cameron, Malathi a visa officer who is engaging in a affair with her boss, Mr. Mangalam on the verge of an extra-martial affair, an Indian-American student Uma, who is confused by her parents decision to return to Kolkata after living in the US for over 20 years. The plot focuses on a group of strangers who are trapped in a visa office. Most customers even some staff have come and gone, but nine people remain in the office. When an earthquake rips through the afternoon, trapping these nine characters together, their focus first is to survive through the struggle. There is a little food from which came from what people had. The office begins to flood, and everyone starts to panic and get really scared and frustrated. So when the emotional stress seems to be to much for them to bear, the young lady Uma tells them to tell a personal tale about them that no one knows about â€Å"One Amazing Thing†, from what they have been through in life. So all of their stories from the romance, self-discovery, family, etc. This novel really proves the power of a lot of stories and the meaning of us as human’s expressions itself. In my opinion the book â€Å"One Amazing Thing†, is an engaging book because it reinforces the idea that all of us are different and unique in our own ways, and that we all have stories of our lives that may be interesting or not to tell. We all can connect to this book or see one another if we are willing to take the time out to listen to people. Because everyone has a something to tell, and amazing is not always positive words. But describes something that might have changed a life, or the course of someone life. Some of the stories are very heart breaking, but all of them paint a picture in some way of the characters and why they may be who they have become.

Improve Your Life and the World With a Masters Degree In Criminal Justice 2019

The criminal justice system grows increasingly complex and challenging each year. It includes penal law, social control, constitutional law, criminal procedure and evidence, criminology, victimology, policing, courts, corrections and community services, as well as politics. With the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, the field of Criminal Justice has expanded at a rapid rate. If you are currently employed in this field, you can take your place as a leader by earning a Masters Degree in Criminal Justice. You can broaden your professional knowledge and competencies in criminal justice research, theory, administration and practice. Because this degree can be earned at your own pace, in your own home and on your own time, you need not worry about leaving your current employment or moving your family. There are several options available online for you to investigate in the pursuit of your goal. An example is the Master of Arts in Criminal Justice at Umass Online. This degree will assist you in developing the professional skills necessary to assume a position of importance in the field. Umass has been named one of the best schools in the country, and its criminal justice program was established in 1984. Standard classes such as Criminology and Research Methods are offered, along with cutting edge classes like Crime Mapping, Domestic Violence and Terrorism. .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1:active, .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ From IT School to an IT CareerThree areas of emphasis are offered in the Master of Science in Criminal Justice degree from the University of Wisconsin, Platteville. The first is criminal justice theory emphasis, appropriate for continuing education in a PhD program, teaching at the college level, or a career in government research. The criminal justice management emphasis is tailored for those seeking promotion into administrative positions. The last emphasis is the victim and offender service program for those interested in working with crime victims, juveniles, probation and parole clients. The University of Massachusetts Lowell offers a Masters Degree in Criminal Justice, and has been named one of the best in the country. This degree serves four types of students: Those seeking a masters degree as a prerequisite for entry into the criminal justice field. Individuals currently in service who wish to broaden skills and expertise. Those in the criminal justice system seeking to specialize within the system. Candidates wishing to obtain the training necessary to meet the growing need for teaching criminal justice. .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246:active, .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Employment Opportunities With an Associate's Degree in Criminal JusticeThe U. S. Department of Labor has predicted that by 2017 there will be more than a 29% increase in the demand for FBI Agents, Police Officers, Private Detectives, and U.S. Customs Agents. Most of the best jobs in criminal justice require an advanced Criminal Justice Degree. To take your place among this elite group of law enforcement professionals, get online and get started. You can make your world and the world around you a better place. Related ArticlesFind Online Law and Social Science Degree ProgramsCareer Opportunities With a Criminal Justice DegreeOnline Criminal Justice Program Practice Law Enforcement for the Courts as a BailiffHelping the Nation With an Online Associates in Criminal JusticePrepare for Leadership Positions with a Criminal Justice Administration ProgramCriminal Justice Bachelor Degree Single Parents in Colorado Find Convenience at Kaplan University

Digital Citizenship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 394 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Citizenship Essay Did you like this example? After the digital citizenship post, I learned thatdont give your life a lemon~ Do you know a stunning fact that nowadays we have approximately 2,095,006,005 online users around the world? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Digital Citizenship" essay for you Create order Do you notice that your friends eyes including yours are glued to electronic devices such as Ipads, Iphones, smartphones, etc every day Also, do you know that teens spend almost 9 hours per day on social platforms, and about 30 % of that time is allocated to social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram (Social Wall by Peter Krobath via Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Please! Dont be stuck in the social media for a long time! Nowadays, with the advent of advanced technology, people are totally immersed in the world full of social media. Hey, guys, dont spend too much time there. (Facebook Is The Anti-Christ Just Like MySpace Was Satans Little Helper! by Lance Scurvin via Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Dont you know that if you hang out with your friends there for so long, your ideas will be restricted only by your friends in the closed system, and other different beliefs, ideas, and ideologies will be cemented. This phenomenon is called Echo chamber, in which filter bubbles filter out all of the other ideas, which restricts your independent and creative thinking ability. Plz! Dont be stuck in the social media! Try to think outside the box!!!! (Living in a box by OlliL via Flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Do you have a chance to interact with a person today? Hey! Guys, its time for you to think about your life? Do you have a conversation with anyone today? Hey, dont get me wrong! Here, I mean having conversation with strangers, or someone you dont know very well. Do you have a conversation with anyone today? Its true that everyone craves connection and interaction with others, but now, many people use the social media to make anonymous friends on the other side of the world. Dont you think that whoever spends too much time chatting on line makes you feel the person is pathetic? You have to know that though its AWESOME to make friends online, you even at the end of the day, dont really understand what your online friend is really about! Worse, you become disconnected with the society and your real-world friends because you devote too much time and energy online chatting with your anonymous friends.