Project Success And Success Criteria - 1376 Words

2.4 Project Success and Success Criteria The idea of the project success and its criteria has remained vague, due to the wide perspective it carries (Liu and Walker, 1998). Project success has always been seen as an abstract notion, thus it is very complex to determine if a project is a success or not (Chan et al, 2002). Thus, the criteria for measuring the project’s success are normally agreed and accepted by all parties, before beginning the project. Else, it is hard to control the trajectory of the project, with all team members finding it hard to focus in one direction. The Success of the Project management is measured through the three key components – Time, Cost and Quality. The success of the project is typically measured based†¦show more content†¦This combination is very popular by name, The Triple constraint or The Iron Triangle or The Project Management Triangle. Schedule, cost and quality are the three primary variables of a project. When one of these parameters alters, the other two parameters will also change correspondingly. The way the project is delivered within these constraints, it impacts the quality of the project outcome, either positively or negatively. 2.5 Project Work-breakdown Structure In order to plan and properly execute a large project, it must be broken down into smaller levels in an organized manner (Shlomo Globerson, 1994). The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a structured approach of breaking down the project using a deliverable-oriented hierarchical structure, which helps the team to accomplish objectives and deliver per plan. Each descending step of the WBS represents an improved and detailed explanation of the work to be executed (PMBOK 4th edition, 2008). Robert K. Wysocki and Rudd McGary explain that Work-breakdown structure as a hierarchical detail of the work to be completed, as described in the project definition statement. The WBS helps to organize the project scope in a structured manner; this represents the work specified in the project definition statement (PMBOK 4th edition, 2008). The process of breaking down the project scope into activities, tasks and subtasks is called decomposition. Decomposition helps to estimate the project duration, calculate the

Introduction to the Finance Company Project Free Essays

Introduction to the Finance Company Project Your team is required to analyze the future business and economic prospects of a major, publicly traded corporation using financial concepts and techniques as well as the concepts and techniques from other business areas. Make sure any statements you make in your analysis are consistent with the knowledge base of finance. Also please include your calculations (including spreadsheets), data sources (be specific, including date and page number(s)), and assumptions (explain your rationale) in the appendices. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to the Finance Company Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now While your analysis should be geared toward finance, nobody, of course, can make business decisions using solely finance techniques and concepts, so where applicable, incorporate techniques and analysis from other business fields. The following is a list of the minimum requirements for your project. Additional credit will be given for creativity and analysis beyond the minimum requirement. If you have any questions, please e-mail them to your instructor. (1) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Provide a one (1) page executive summary which summarizes your findings and provides a recommendation whether to buy or not to buy the stock and the debt securities of the company (two separate decisions). (2) COMPANY INTRODUCTION: Provide a one page (1) introduction to your company including: company history, strategy, main products services, primary markets customers, major competitors, industry overview, and other relevant information. (3) FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: Conduct a two-year financial analysis of your company using financial ratios. Include a Du Pont analysis. You can refer to your Essentials of Business I Corporate Annual Report project for the appropriate ratios. ) Comment on the financial health of the company. Please look at ratio trends and compare to industry average. (4) WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPTIAL (WACC): Estimate the components of the cost of capital for your company using market data. a) For the cost of common stock, analyze using the dividend growth model and CAPM. To determine Beta, first use published sources. Next, calculate your own beta estimate using regression analysis with 52 weeks of daily data. See the textbook’s website to download the regression tool kit from Chapter 6. If the published estimates and the results of your regression analysis differ, justify your final choice of Beta for the WACC determinations. b) Calculate the cost of preferred stock c) Calculate the cost of debt. Recall that you do NOT use the coupon rate, but instead use the YTM for each bond issue. d) Determine the appropriate weights for each of the categories using market values. e) Calculate the company’s WACC. f) In your opinion, has the company minimized its WACC? What could it differently? Recall that more debt increases the risk of bankruptcy and more equity means the flotation costs of issuing stock. g) Provide reasons why or why not the current WACC is appropriate for future use by the company. If not, explain which WACC should be used for future business decisions. (5) FUTURE CASH FLOWS: Prepare a three (3) year forecast of estimated future cash flows for you company and give valid economic/business reasons for your projections. This means you will have a statement of incremental cash flows. One year in the future, develop a future market value of equity and an estimated future price per share for the company’s common stock. Write a 1 page analysis, which incorporates marketing, accounting, sales, production, management, technology, etc. information into your estimates of future cash flows. Please cite 2-3 media sources for this analysis. a) Perform a what-if analysis for your cash flows using at least one of the following: sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, or simulation analysis. Also, provide a written summation of your what-if analysis. ) Collect and evaluate information on inflation estimates and incorporate those estimates, as you see fit, into your cash flow estimates. c) Comment on how future cash flows maybe be affected by information contained in the footnotes to the financial statements. Footnotes are often more interesting than the rest of the financial statements and provide valuable information. d) Do a brief analysis of your competitors, the p rospects of their future cash flows, and how that affects your company’s cash flows. e) Conduct a â€Å"post-audit† of one (or more) of your company’s major past projects and ncorporate this qualitatively into your estimates of future cash flows. (6) HISTORICAL STOCK PRICE: Review briefly the historical performance of the company’s stock price. Explain if this affected your analysis. (7) SECURITY ANALYST’S REPORTS: Evaluate what securities analysts are saying about your company, and explain if you agree or disagree with their recommendations. What is the sentiment for your stock: are there a lot of buy recommendations or are there a lot of hold/sell recommendations? (8) DIVIDEND and CAPITAL STRUCTURE: ) Analyze the current dividend policy of your company. If it doesn’t pay a dividend, should it? b) Analyze the target capital structure of your company including bank loans, leases, and other financial securities issued in addition to preferred stock, common stock, and debt. Why do you think it maintains the capital structure it does? Do you think it is an optimal capital structure? If not, what do you think would be? Justify your answer. c) Does your company have a substantial degree of informational asymmetry (assets which are hard for outsiders to value)? Do you think this affects the capital structure of your company? (9) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: Comment on the corporate governance of your company. Is management doing a good job? Does management hold shares in the company? What is their percentage of equity ownership? How much stock do institutions own? Do you think these factors affect your company’s performance? (10) MERGER and INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY: Describe and evaluate the merger and acquisition strategy and the international expansion strategy for your company. How to cite Introduction to the Finance Company Project, Papers

Statistics and Math

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Math. Answer: Introduction An appropriate height and weight is essential in order to have an appropriate BMI. Age is also an important factor that affects the weight of a person. Both male and female wants to have a perfect weight in according to their height and age. They go to gym for this purpose and they do regular exercises outside the gym. It is seen that some of the customers have different viewpoint regarding the equipments of gym. In this assignment, an idea would be given about the various measures of statistics. These measures of statistics would be explained in this assignment and they would be used in the data of the gym which includes height, weight, BMI, age, and the responses regarding the visit to the gym. Graphs and charts would be provided in this assignment in order to give a clear idea about the various measures of statistics in context of these data. Summary and Explanation of Descriptive Statistics Discrete and Continuous Variable The values of the variable that are obtained by counting is called discrete random variable. When the random variable takes any value in the range of two specific values, the variable is called continuous variable. A variable that can take infinitely many uncountable values is called continuous random variable (Vogt and Barta 2013). The discrete variables in this research are Do you do regular exercise outside of the gym and Is it important to have a high variety of equipment. The continuous variables in this research height and weight. Descriptive Statistics Mean and median had been used in order to study the data set. The mean and median was calculated for the two continuous variables; height and weight. Mean is defined as the average of the values of the variables in the data set. It is calculated by dividing the sum of all the values of the variable by the number of values of the variable (Kock 2013). There are three types of means that are used in statistics. They are arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean. Generally, arithmetic mean is used in the descriptive statistics. The height and weight of 100 samples would undergo arithmetic mean as they are continuous variables and it would provide the average height and weight of the staples in the survey. The mean of the continuous random variable was found to be 170.55 units while the mean of another continuous random variable, weight, was found to be 76.36 units. Median is defined as the middle value of the data set when the data are arranged in either ascending or descending order. Median is the second quartile of the data set and it separates the higher value of the data set from the lower values (Vogt and Barta 2013). Median is superior to mean in the viewpoint that median is not much skewed and it is not much affected by higher or lower values. The median of the variable height was found to be 170 units while the median of the variable weight was found to be 77 units. Figure 1: scatter plot of the values of height (Source: created by author) Figure 2: scatter plot of the values of weight (Source: created by author) The two measures of variations that are standard deviation and range. Standard deviation is defined as the deviation of the values of a variable from the mean of the variable in the data set (Allen 2013). A lower value of standard deviation indicates that the values of the variable lies closer to the mean while higher value indicates that the values of the variable are widely spread (Statistics 2013). The standard deviation of the variable, height was found to be 12.81. It shows that the values of heights of the chosen sample are moderately spread over the data set. The standard deviation of the variable, weight was found to be 15.22. This shows that the values are moderately spread over the data set. Another measure of variation is range. It indicates the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the variable. This provides the idea about the highest and lowest values of the variables. The range of variable, height was found to be 49 while the range of the variable weight was found to be 63 (Lake 2013). This shows that the highest and lowest value of height in the data set is 194 units and 145 units respectively, while the highest and lowest value of weight was found to be 109 units and 46 units respectively. Random Variable and its Probability Distribution On considering discrete random variables, Do you do regular exercise outside of the gym and Is it important to have a high variety of equipment, the proportion of samples who do not do regular exercise outside the gym was found to be 0.54 and the mean of the variable (np) was found to be 54 while the variance (npq) was found to be 24.84 (Hong 2013). The proportion of the sample who said that it is not important to have a high variety of equipment was 0.3, mean (np) was found to be 0.30 while the variance (npq) was found to be 21. It shows that both the discrete variables are highly deviated from the mean value of the variable. "Height and weight are the two continuous variables that are considered for the research. Both the continuous variables are found to follow normal distribution. A distribution is said to be a normal distribution when the mean, median and mode of the continuous variable almost coincide with each other. Under the central limit theorem, it is seen that the averages of the random variables which are independently drawn, converge to normal distribution. Normal distribution is generally used in sampling distribution due to central limit theorem. It is seen that the mean, median and mode of the continuous variables, height and weight almost coincide with each other. The skewness of both the variables is nearly equal to zero and the kurtosis has a slightly negative value. Thus, height and weight is considered to follow normal distribution. Hypothesis Test Hypothesis test was performed between two continuous random variables, height and weight at 95% level of significance. The hypothesis test was conducted to check whether height is independent of weight or not. Two tailed t-test was conducted at 5% level of significance for this purpose (Kruschke 2013). The null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis framed for this test is as follows: H0: height and weight are independent of each other H1: height and weight are dependent of each other On performing two tailed t-test at 5% level of significance, the p value of the test was found to be 6.6459E-110 (de Winter 2013). This value is found to be less than 0.05 and it shows that the hypothesis test is significant. The null hypothesis is rejected in this case and it can be interpreted that the height and weight are dependent on each other. Regression Snalysis Regression analysis was performed considering BMI as the dependent variable and height and weight as the independent variables. The correlation coefficient between the dependent variable and independent variables was found to be 0.98579 (Draper and Smith 2014). This shows that the dependency of the dependent variable on the independent variables is high. The independent variables influence BMI to a larger extent. The regression equation found in the case is as follows: BMI = 51.37692 0.30174 * height + 0.342475 * weight The regression equation shows that with the change in one unit of height, the BMI would change by 0.30174 units while with change in one unit of weight, the change in BMI would influence by 0.342475 (Montgomery et al. 2015). On absence of the values of height and weight, it is seen that the BMI of the chosen sample would be 51.37692. Figure 3: line fit plot of height (Source: created by author) The line fit plot is plotted with BMI on y-axis and height on x-axis. It is seen that the actual and predicted values of the variable height lies near to each other (Kleinbaum et al. 2013). This shows that the model is a good fit model and the regression model can be used for further extrapolation or interpolation. Figure 4: line fit plot of weight (Source: created by author) The line fit plot is plotted with BMI on y-axis and weight on x-axis. It is seen that the actual and predicted values of the variable weight lies near to each other. This shows that the model is a good fit model and the regression model can be used for further extrapolation or interpolation. Conclusion On analyzing the given data, it can be concluded that height and weight are the two continuous variables considered in the assignment. The two discrete variables in the assignment are Do you do regular exercise outside of the gym and Is it important to have a high variety of equipment. The average value of height and weight was found to be 170.55 units and 76.36 units respectively. The median value of height and weight was found to be 170 units and 77 units respectively. The standard deviation of height and weight was found to be 12.81 units and 15.22 units respectively while the range was found to be 49 units and 63 units respectively. The probability distribution of the discrete random variables was found to be binomial distribution. Hypothesis test was conducted between the two variables height and weight. The result of the hypothesis test was found that the height and weight are dependent on each other. Regression analysis was performed considering BMI as the dependent variable a nd height and weight as the independence variables. The regression equation was found to be BMI = 51.37692 0.30174 * height + 0.342475 * weight. It was also seen that there exists a strong correlation between the dependent variable and independent variables. Recommendation It is recommended that the gym instructors must influence the customers to do regular exercise both in gym and outside gym. It would help them to stay fit and healthy. It is also recommended that the customers must be given an idea about the ideal BMI and they should be instructed and influenced to exercise accordingly. Thus, the customers in gym would have a perfect BMI and they would stay fit after exercising. References Allen, D., 2013. Measures of Central Tendency. de Winter, J.C., 2013. Using the Students t-test with extremely small sample sizes.Practical Assessment, Research Evaluation,18(10), pp.1-12. Draper, N.R. and Smith, H., 2014.Applied regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Hong, Y., 2013. On computing the distribution function for the Poisson binomial distribution.Computational Statistics Data Analysis,59, pp.41-51. Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Nizam, A. and Rosenberg, E.S., 2013.Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. Nelson Education. Kock, N., 2013. Using WarpPLS in E-Collaboration Studies: Descriptive Statistics, Settings.Interdisciplinary Applications of Electronic Collaboration Approaches and Technologies,62. Kruschke, J.K., 2013. Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,142(2), p.573. Lake, L., 2013. Basic Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency. Montgomery, D.C., Peck, E.A. and Vining, G.G., 2015.Introduction to linear regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Statistics, A.E.R.D., 2013. Measures of Central Tendency. Vogt, A. and Barta, J., 2013.The making of tests for index numbers: Mathematical methods of descriptive statistics. Springer Science Business Media.

The Cold War Between the United States and the Soviet Union

The end of World War II marked the beginning of the cold war. This war was between world’s super power nations: the United States and its allied nations against the Soviet Union and its allies on the other side. This war took place between 1946 and 1991.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Cold War Between the United States and the Soviet Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Ted and Reim cold war was not a physical battle, but a prolonged state of competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in terms of weapon sophistication, technology advancement, economic stability and political influence (19). The aim of this article is to depict what transpired during the cold war and several factors about the Cold war. These factors include difference in ideologies between the two nations. The United States and the Soviet Union had two opposing types of government. Klaus and Lane states t hat the United States government supported multiparty system, democracy, capitalism, personal freedom and free elections but the Soviet Union was opposed to this system of governance. The country practiced dictatorial and communist system (17). Economically, the United States supported international free trade but the Soviet Union was opposed to it and barred free international trade. The United States and the Soviet Union had power rivalry. Both nations were fighting to dominate the other after decline of Europe. Also, there relationship had deteriorated during World War II after the United States supplied weapon to Russian opponents. Additionally, the United States had turned down Russia’s request to help in stabilizing the economy after the Second World War. Klaus and Lane state that this war came to be known as the cold war because the two sides: the Soviet Union and the United States never engaged in a physical fight. This led to use of others nations as battle fields by these super powers to prove there supremacy (1). For instance, â€Å"during Vietnam War the Soviet Union supported North Vietnam while the United States supported South Vietnam† (Klaus and Lane 139). Klaus and Lane argue that the United States is seen as the winner of cold war, because the Soviet Union finally agreed terms of the United States which led to signing of START I treaty between George H. W. Bush and Gorbachov (185). According to this treaty, the Soviet Union agreed not to interfere with affairs of Eastern Europe. It also agreed to â€Å"establish contact with other countries and invited external investors to invest in the Soviet Union, a move they had opposed before† (Ted and Reim 128). The United States managed to defeat the Soviet Union through imposing economic sanctions. The United States destabilized the country’s oil market by â€Å"requesting Arabia to increase the oil production to cater for world’s oil demand† (Ted and Reim 12 4).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This led to deterioration of the Soviet Union economy forcing them to introduce restructuring reforms. These reforms allowed external investors to invest in the Soviet Union. In order to revive their devastated economy, â€Å"Soviet Union agreed to sign intermediate range nuclear force treaty with the United States to regulate nuclear weapon† (Klaus and Lane 192). From the cold war we learn, that any form of war has a negative impact on the economy growth. Both the Soviet Union and the United States spent a large portion of their revenue to support the cold war through funding projects to invent new sophisticated weapons, paying a large number of soldiers fighting in the war and channeling other resources towards the war. Unity among nations is crucial to the growth of the nation’s economy, because it prevents trade malpractice and sanct ions from competitor nations. Democratic government is better as opposed to autocratic government. It is important to allow people freedom, multiparty system and free trade at local, national and international level. Also, it is essential to introduce and support international security, trade and political policies to prevent occurrence of another war. Lessons emerging from cold war have contributed to consultative decision making by countries on matters concerning international security, economy, trade and politics. In addition, these lessons are one of key factors which have led to formation of international union to create and enact policies on international security, politics, and trade. Wastage of funds on military operation in foreign country is one lesson which has not been taken in to account by modern American foreign policy. The United States up to date sends the soldiers to fight in different nations. If these military operations are not well planned, they can adversely a ffect its economy as witnessed in the Soviet Union. In addition, the United States has been developing nuclear technology and expanding its military capacity. Risks associated with these mistakes include: high chances of triggering another war, economic turmoil, lose of life and jobs and global division across interest lines. War on terror is a characteristic by product of cold war because the militia who perpetrate terror attacks are funded and supported by individuals, nations and groups with common interest against the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Cold War Between the United States and the Soviet Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, fight against terror attacks seems to be between the United States and its supporters against terror groups who are backed up by some nations. From the lessons of the cold war, victims of terror attacks can opt to negotiate with the terror gro ups to solve this problem. Also, they can use military attacks, economic and financial sanctions to destabilize these terror groups network. In conclusion, the cold war was between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although it was not physically fought on their soil, the two nations were adversely affected especially in terms of economy. The Soviet Union was much devastated by aftermath of the war and opted to sign treaties with the United States which led to the end of the cold war in 1991. Works Cited Klaus, Larres and Anne Lane. The cold war: Essential reading. Massachusetts: Blackwell publishers Inc, 2001. Print. Ted, Gottfried and Melanie Reim. The cold war. New Milford: The Millbrook Inc, 2003. Print. This essay on The Cold War Between the United States and the Soviet Union was written and submitted by user Vengeance to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

chromosomal testing in humans essays

chromosomal testing in humans essays Chromosomal testing in humans, limitations and ethical implications In this credit assignment I have discussed the hot topic Chromosomal testing in humans. The limitations of the technology and its ethical implications and the present discussion going on is also discussed. The chromosomal basis of inheritance Mendel produced his results and hypothesis in 1866 in a journal, The Proceedings of the Brunn Natural History Society. At that time when it was sent to scientific societies all over the world, they all failed to comply with his theory because at that time they were all unable to relate the fact that hereditary factors could be transmitted from parents to offspring with the physical structures of the gametes, which they could observe. By 1900, due to the improvements in technology and advances in cytological techniques, the behaviour of chromosomes in the gametes and gametes were observed. Later two scientists Sutton and Boveri proposed that chromosomes were the carriers of Mendels factors, what we call today chromosome theory of heredity. This theory suggests that a pair of chromosomes carries each pair of factors with each chromosome carrying one of the factors. Johannsen later replaced the term factor, in 1909, with the term gene which is an alternative forms in which an allele may exist and occupy the same loci on homologous chromosomes. It is because of this development in the past that today we are able to carry out the so-called DNA testing and verify so many things. Now we know that hereditary characters are transmitted form parents to offspring through the genes in the gametes. In reproduction, the germ cells from the parents contain haploid chromosomes and upon reproduction the offspring is diploid. Chromosomes from the parents and the alleles in them determine the phenotypes of the offspring. In such a situation, the hereditarily carried diseases such as haemophilia a ...

How Long Before the SAT Should You Prep 4 Key Tips

How Long Before the SAT Should You Prep 4 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I get this question from students a lot, and it's definitely an important one: how long before the SAT should you begin preparing for it? Moreover, how long is too long (you won't remember the material)? And how long is too short (you won't have enough time to study)? You'll need to know how to answer these questions if you wish to study effectively. Our four most important tips will help you determine when you should start studying for the SAT. Tip 1: Figure Out How Many Hours You Can Study per Week First things first: how busy of a student are you? Do you only have an hour every Thursday night to study because all your free time is taken up by classes and activities? Or are you the type who can easily free up three hours a day five days a week to study for the SAT? As a rule of thumb, you should spend at least 10 hours on SAT prep. If you can't study for more than 10 hours, it's rarely worth it to take the test. Considering that the SAT itself can take up six or more hours of your time (if you count driving time and immediate prep, that is), it just seems silly not to spend at least this amount of time studying for it! A much better baseline to use is 40 hours of prep. In this case, every hour can substantially help you. By contrast, a full-on, supercharged study regimen, like a boot camp, is closer to 100 hours. Here is a chart of possible SAT study times. Especially good combos are marked with an asterisk: Study Hrs per Week Minimum Baseline Full Study 1 hour 2 months 8 months Not recommended 2 hours 1 month 4 months* 10 months 5 hours 2 weeks 1.5 months* 4 months 10 hours 1 week 1 month* 2 months* 20 hours (summer) Not recommended 2 weeks 1 month* It's important to figure out how many hours you specifically will need to improve by in order to get the ACT score you want. Here's what to do: first, set an SAT goal score. This score is the one most likely to get you accepted into all the schools you're applying to. To find this number, follow the instructions in our guide to a good SAT score. Next, figure out your baseline score by taking an official SAT practice test. This score is essentially a starting point for your SAT prep. Once you have both your baseline and goal scores, it's time to calculate how long you'll need to study. To do this, simply subtract your baseline score from your goal score. In general, the more time you devote to studying, the higher the score you increase you can expect to have. Here are our estimates for the total number of hours you'll need to prep based on the SAT score improvement you want: 0-30 point improvement: 10 hours 30-70 point improvement: 20 hours 70-130 point improvement: 40 hours 130-200 point improvement: 80 hours 200-330 point improvement: 150 hours+ Now that you know how many hours you'll need to study for the SAT, you can calculate possible weekly or monthly schedules based on how much free time you have each week. For example, if I want to improve my SAT score by 100 points, I'll need to study for around 40 hours. Thus, I could study about four hours a week if I have two and a half months before test day, or 10 hours a week if I only have a month left. To get a better idea of how many hours you could have at max available to you in a week, month, or year for studying, you can read through our article on how many minutes/seconds/hours there are in a day/week/year. Tip 2: Pick a Convenient Test Date Choosing an SAT test date that gives you plenty of time to study and works well with your schedule is vital for quality prep. Typically, it's best to choose a date at least a few months ahead of time so you can easily tweak your schedule to make time for study sessions. If you choose a date that's very soon (i.e., less than a month before the test), you won't have as much time to study or rearrange your schedule. (On a related note, picking a date early also means avoiding having to pay late registration fees.) Furthermore, pick a date that doesn't have much going on around it. This way you won't have to shift your activities too much and will be able to dedicate more time to studying without having to worry about other obligations or events going on. Tip 3: Don't Study Too Far Ahead or You'll Forget What You've Learned In your SAT study plan, there are some skills I don't recommend studying hard until you're closer to your test date. Study them too early and you're more likely to forget them! That said, some things are good to start studying early. These are the skills and content you're less likely to forget later on, such as the following: Vocabulary (I still remember mine from when I took the SAT!) Basic math There are some things I don't recommend studying more than a year before your test. Study this early and you'll forget more than 50% of what you learned! Instead, it's better to concentrate the time you have on the following: Learning key test-taking strategies, such as the process of elimination Taking official practice tests Finally, these are the things I don't recommend doing until at least two months before your test: Getting used to the SAT format with multiple practice tests Doing one or more dry runs so you can get used to the length (and fatigue) of the test In summary, it's rarely too early to start, but if you're thinking of starting some intense prep more than a year in advance, think carefully about when you approach new topics. Tip 4: Try to Study for At Least 2 Weeks in Total If you've only got a week or two to study, the information you learn won't have enough time to sink in. Ultimately, you have to give your brain adequate time to retain new SAT concepts! So try to study, at a minimum, at least two weeks before your test. A month or longer is, of course, even better. If test day's coming up, though, and you have very, very little time to study, don't freak out! You can still get a good score as long as you utilize the time you do have wisely. Our guide on how to cram for the SAT tells you exactly what to do in this scenario. What's Next? Planning to spend a year or more studying for the SAT? Then you'll definitely want to check out our comprehensive one-year SAT study plan. In this guide, we show you what an effective year-long study plan looks like. Only got a month to study for the SAT? Don't worry- our extensive guide walks you through the steps you'll need to take to be able to hit your goal score within just 30 days. Not sure what SAT score to aim for on test day? Learn what a good SAT score is for you and for the colleges you're applying to. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Parties to the Alaskan Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parties to the Alaskan Conflict - Essay Example Furthermore, there have been economic interests and the increasing need for fuel or oil which can essentially prevail over environmental concerns. This issue of drilling in the ANWR also stimulates a number of moral issues, which arise from the dispute between a practical standpoint on the drilling and ecological concerns. The subject of oil drilling in Alaska is a significant source of concern to the local populace as well as the local wildlife. Additionally, this subject also concerns the entire state and the whole continent. However, the number of decision makers involved in the matter is extremely limited, and the public has a minor effect on the final deliberation that can be adopted. Nonetheless, it is barely probable to undervalue the importance of the civic opinion, but it is mainly utilized by the political contenders, the Democrats as well as the Republicans who have the lawmaking and administrative supremacy in America and; consequently, they are real decision makers. The dispute between the Democrats and the Republicans is based on the fact that, the Democrats contest to the drilling while the latter are supporters of the fuel drilling. With this context, the moral question arises: whether the law makers should utilize the drilling in the ANWR as part of their massive political game or, possibly they should permit the public to make the deliberation. In addition, there is the query of whether the local populace should be allowed to decide on this issue. This implies that, the subject of drilling should not be made a political issue. Nonetheless, the subject should be a scientific, ecological research concerning its effect on the ecology. The parties to the Alaskan dispute, consequently, include political contenders, the local populace, regular Americans, the international society, oil companies and ecologists. What are the Triggers of the Conflict? There are varied triggers to the Alaskan conflict the significant ones being the economic benefits ass ociated with the oil drilling, the issue of safeguarding natural resources, as well as political interference. The continuing energy problem, as well as the United State’s battle on terror has also stimulated the subject of fuel supply in the nation. This has, consequently, evoked the dispute with regard to oil drilling in Alaska. Environmentalists assert that the refuge is significant for wildlife. Destruction of this crucial Wildlife Refuge will rip land utilized by polar bears and approximately 180 bird species as well as an enormous number of wandering animals. Oil drilling in this area would defy the entire purpose of the refuge. Styles of Conflict Management In resolving the Alaskan dispute, it is crucial to include all stakeholders in the decision making procedure. The stakeholders include the local populace, regular Americans, government officials and environmentalists among others. The issues of environment always influence people beyond borders and; therefore, it is extremely crucial to include international bodies in the negotiation process. It is also crucial to involve the local populace in the process, although, they will not obtain any economic advantages from the oil drilling. In stark distinction, the local populace and the commonplace Americans will suffer from the degradation of the environment and; consequently, it will

Reflective Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Reflective Journal - Essay Example There were people shouting and one particular voice caught my attention. This was a man’s voice and what caught my attention was the way he was shouting incoherently. I could not understand a word he said and immediately I knew that he had some form of mental illness. Getting closer, I saw that there seemed to have been some form of tag of war between the shopkeeper and the man shouting. The man was pulling a bag of oranges that the shopkeeper was holding, shouting that it was his. Those gathered were busy trying to help the shopkeeper get back his merchandise when the man pulled out a dirty broken bottle with what appeared to be mud inside. It took the intervention of the police and the ill man was bundled into the police car without â€Å"his† bag of oranges and taken away presumably to be locked up. I felt like helping the helpless man, as it seemed no one wanted to listen to his side of the story. Later when he brought out the dirty bottle, I felt that he was not to blame, but I was at the same time angry with him for disturbing the peace. His aggressive action and reaction to this situation angered me as I felt that had he sought professional help, this whole incident would have been avoided. This was an avoidable situation. Mental illness had predisposed this man to acting in an irrational manner. The shopkeeper and the public failed in their part when they resolved to take sides against this sick man. The situation should have been handled better. The shopkeeper and the man should have been allowed to resolve the issue. However, given the physical state of the ill man, it was understandable that the onlookers, me included, would have reacted as they did. This experience did not go as it should have and the manner in which the ill man was dealt with was somewhat unfair. The reaction of the onlookers was not appropriate and they should have tried to resolve the issue in a calm manner and not presume the ill

The Efficacy of Anacardic Acid from Anacarduim Occidentale Essay Example for Free

The Efficacy of Anacardic Acid from Anacarduim Occidentale Essay Lipids are one of the molecules used by fishes for their physiological functions and cellular processes. These lipids have many uses in the lives of fishes, not only in fishes but also in other activities of other organisms. Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) is one of the most common fish that contains lipids in their muscle or tissues. Anacadium ocindentale (cashew) is a nut crop with fruits that contain a liquid known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). This three liquid has three phenol constituents, one of this is anacardic acid. In this study, the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was extracted from Anacardium occidentale and anacardic acid and then separated from the CNSL by the process of centrifugation and then mixed with the food of the fish and then fed to the fishes. The purpose of this study is to make a useful lipid source from anacardium occidentale. This study will test the efficacy of anacardic acid as a lipid source of Oreochromis niloticus, and observed if the growth development and weight increased. After observing the fishes for 1 month to 2 weeks, results and data were analyzed. The researcher used T-test as their statistical tool, and concluded that the growth and weight of the Oreochromis niloqticus increased by 50.36% in weight gain and 50.98% in the increase in size when given anacardic acid.

Fairness In The Workplace Essays -- Workplace Essays

Fairness In the Workplace  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American society is slowly, but surely, moving towards equality in the workplace. In the past decade laws have been passed that prohibit discrimination in hiring, retaining and promoting employees based on race, gender, disability and religious beliefs. Although not all groups have been included yet, the movement towards a more just workplace is evident. Nowadays, almost every single employer will have the sign 'Equal Opportunity Employer' under the name of the company, especially when recruiting. However, even though companies have adopted these standards as a part of their corporate culture, not all people are able to fully appreciate and accept diversity in the workplace. Although there are many different issues to be considered, I believe that the most prominent issue is that of socialization - the way people were taught and learned to interact with the society at large and its members. This issue has many various aspects that can help understand the difficult y of accepting diversity. These issues include unfair and outdated expectations of others, fixed views on certain issues, and unwillingness to admit that problems exist and that they need to be dealt with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concepts of expectations and fixed views intersect in a few places. Fixed views are not what one expects of someone, but how the person relates and perceives that someone. Strong views are often followed by expectations. For example if one thinks that someone else is a violent person, he/she will expect to see outbursts of violence. If one has been ?conditioned?, by which I mean that through interaction with society on has learned a particular view or behavior, to think that homosexual relationships are ?disgusting? or at least that they are not ?normal?, one will probably find difficulty with dealing with such instances in the workplace. Williamson, in his article ?Is this the Right Time to Come Out, discusses a situation that a young homosexual employee faced at work. His boss was unable or maybe unwilling to understand the parallels of homo- and heterosexual relationships. In this particular instance, the employee had a chance to tell his employer how he fe els. Unfortunately, there are man situations where homosexual employees are afraid of being ridiculed or made uncomfortable about their sexual preference. As the article me... ...nt. However, the most difficult obstacle in removing the above two issues is the unwillingness to admit that those issues exist and deal with them. Some people might be afraid of lawsuits; it is understandable that nobody comes out shouting, ?I hate women, what are we going to do now. However, if such problems exist, they will not be removed until they are confronted. McIntosh mentions in her article that men are unwilling to admit that they are privileged and that white people are unwilling to admit that as well. This can be difficult for those who did not have as many or any privileges. I believe that such behavior is the biggest obstacle to solving problems in the workplace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporations should actively participate in the quest to make the working environment a better, less intimidating place. I believe that this goal can be accomplished through further development of diversity in corporations. Ellen won respect from men in Bahrain only after they started working closely with them. Hopefully, through closer interaction we can start addressing and changing certain views and expectations that will make the new improved corporations feel almost like Aristotle?s ?polis?.

Cinema Rant Essay

Cinemas should be a fun, easy day out, right? Wrong.   Im sure for some people, if their idea of fun is uncomfortable seats, over priced food, drinks and tickets and half an hour worth of adverts, then yes, cinemas are a very enjoyable day out. So I get to the cinema and go to buy tickets, I and many others were shocked to find how much ticket prices had increased. For a family of four to go to the Vue cinema it would cost  £29.40, almost  £30 for a film that you could buy on dvd for less than  £10 and watch in the comfort of your own home with as many people as you like. Added to the ridiculous price of tickets, theres also the outrages price of food and drinks. Yes, i know that these are delightful buckets of freshly popped corn with such beautiful aromas and tastes that make your nostrils and taste buds dance with delight and†¦ Oh wait its the same (if not worse) than the popcorn you get in any average supermarket, the only difference is that in the cinema, it can cost up to  £4 for a small bucket where as in supermarkets a packet of ‘Butterkist popcorn’ can cost as little as  £1! The cinemas do make most of there money from food and drink which is absurd considering we come to cinemas to watch films, not to eat stale, salty snacks or overpriced, melted chocolate. Another point is that once you get into the cinema, you are greeted with the sight of scratchy, small seats that seem to be teasing you, saying ‘oh aren’t you happy you decided to get these seats instead of paying an extra fiver for the big, comfortable, leather vip seats; enjoy the movie, if you can concentrate that is whilst you have a constant itch on your back’. In addition to the miniature seats, there are also the very limited arm rests and whilst you were taking your time getting into your seat and getting settled, the two people either side of you have decided to take advantage of you not being there and taken up both arm rests- leaving you even more cramped then you were before. You would think by the amount of money they must get from food and drink, then can use some of it to make it a more comfortable and enjoyable experience for everyone. So then after half an hour of awkward shuffling in your seat trying to get comfortable the film finally starts. Yes thats right HALF AN HOUR of adverts! So after the tedious adverts we’ve all seen a million times before we get down to watching a very mediocre film that we feel like we’ve seen before. Now don’t you think that whole experience would have been a lot more pleasant in your own home? So please cinema owners, take note of this rant and use some of that money your getting from your overpriced food, drinks and tickets and don’t waste it on your flash cars or big houses, spend it wisely on making our cinema experience a lot more pleasurable and then maybe we would come back again and then you can get your flash cars and big houses.

The Copper

Gavin cares about his Job. He sees the importance of the existence and enforcements of laws. Caring about a job and feeling important helps the employee perform better. He has also learned the techniques to distance himself from the Job and how to be efficient while on the clock (1. 71-80). Those cartel's makes a good employee Ana a good cop. By long so Gavin Decodes ten right person for the Job. B. Children all around the world is raised differently. With the different cultures that exist, will there automatically occur different viewpoints on how to raise children proper.Some believe in non-violent negotiations and treating their children like young adults instead of kids. Others believe in the strength of corporal punishment and fear. I have never been laid a hand on by my parents. Together with their guidance I have figured out what I believe is right and wrong. I respect my parents, but not out of fear. My upraise and relationship with my parents would have been very different, if I had been raised with corporal punishment. I assume I would do what was expected of me, but without thinking for myself.Ata certain age parents can no longer control their children by corporal punishment. The children will not have learned considering responsibility for others than themselves. They have not matured in the same way, as if they had been forced to think like adults from the beginning. Besides the level of maturity, do I don't believe in corporal punishment. I don't understand parents, who need to smack their children to teach them a lesson. Why not reason with their children instead and make them see what's right and wrong and avoid having a bad conscience (if you get such).In school I don't believe n corporal punishment either, but in treating the students with respects or like young adults, if their age is more advanced. The school systems have an important job besides educating the children. They also have to discipline them. They teach how to interact in a soci ety and to follow rules and norms. In the school, as like the rest of the world, a child is not irreplaceable, like it is to the parents. This makes it possible to teach the children things, that wouldn't be possible inside the four walls at home. My way of thinking is classic Scandinavian.In other countries were corporal enmeshment is common, would complete different arguments come up. They would argument that children needs the discipline to get most out of school and that they haven't yet age enough to be treated like adults. Until that point would they need a strict seed of rules. But in a fast moving society like today's, criteria are constantly changing. Children are forced to take initiative, to grow up fast and get a sense of what kind of person they want to become. An upraise with corporal punishment is becoming out aged, and will not sooner or later no longer be able to keep up with the time.

Essay on chapter 1

Essay on chapter 1 Essay on chapter 1 Shahin Fattahian Acct – 205 Homework Chapters 1 & 2 1-4) a) As of September 30th 2014, 526 foreign companies are on the NYSE per the link below, from 47 different countries. https://www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/listing/CurListofallStocks.pdf b) Per link above, the 5 countries with the largest number of foreign companies on the NYSE are: Canada (150), China (72), Brazil (26), U.K. (32), and Bermuda (22). c) The US is the largest economy in the world with the largest stock market, including the biggest companies with the most money. It would make it easier to purchase other companies through stock swaps and they would have the same currency (the dollar), making it easier to do business with US companies. They might also invest in the NYSE to obtain capital in the US at a more reasonable cost than is available in their home country. Case 1-1 There are financial reporting difficulties resulting from foreign direct investment of opening the facility in China such as the conversion of foreign accounting practices to the parent companies accounting practices. There are also issues with the translation of foreign currency to the parent company currency when preparing and reporting consolidated financial statements. There are taxation issues that arise from foreign direct investment. They will have to become experts on taxation in the country they are investing in, as well as an expert in taxation of investments in foreign countries from the investor’s home country. There are considerations to be made for evaluating the performance of foreign operations, such as deciding which currency to evaluate performance on, and deciding whether to factor out of the performance measure, those items which the foreign operations managers have no control. 2-4) Gray’s Secrecy Hypothesis – high secrecy = high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, low individualism, low masculinity and high long-term orientation. power distance uncertainty avoidance individualism masculinity Long-term orientation # matching hypothesis belgium high high high high low 2 brazil high high medium high high 3 korea high high low low high 5 netherlands low medium high low high 2 sweden low low high low low 1 thailand high medium low low high 3 Korea has the highest level of security, then

A Property of the Clan Essay

Page 28, Jared confesses to Ricko that he had witnessed the raping of Tracy that night at Black Rock. But Jared had not said anything to anyone as those who committed the felony, were in fact his friends. Jared tells Ricko â€Å"It’s a madhouse. Davo and them running round saying don’t be a dobber, and then the posters on telegraph poles. Shame Black Rock Shame. † This cleary portrays peer pressure as he feels as though he needs to refrain from telling the truth, to not be labelled a snitch. And he is put under more pressure considering the fact that they are his friends, and he believes that he cannot go against them, even if it is the right thing to do. After Jared tells Ricko what he had saw, Ricko gets defensive and tells Jared to keep his mouth shut. â€Å"Forget you even saw it. Nobody knows you were there. It’s just the way things happen. †. Jared respons with â€Å"All right! † This represents peer pressure as Jared is put on the spot and being hassled not to tell anyone what he had seen. Jared’s response with â€Å"All right! † shows him giving into peer pressure and is listening to what they are telling him to do. Powerlessness is shown in this scene by the main character Jared, as he is the vitim in the situation. This is shown mainly with the use of language techniques. For instance, page 31, â€Å"Not a word. Not a name. Not a single fucking name. Get it? † says Ricko. The use of slang and cursive lauguage by Ricko portrays aggressiveness toward Jared, putting Jared in a powerless state as he listens and just goes with it, not saying one word. Also, this use of launguage portrays Ricko’s assertivness and puts Jared in a state where he cannot do anything about it, and that he has to listen to him. He is powerless in the situation. My poster promotes peer pressure through visual techniques such as juxaposition. This is evident as in the background, the people are positioned close together as a group, to show isolation and power over the main image of the girl. Also the use of colour is simple but eye-catching as it creates the focal point (girl) due to the contrast in colour (black and white). This layout portrays how in the play, Jared is left to decide for himself, whether he should do the right thing, or stick by his peers. Peer pressure also plays a huge role in the film â€Å"Thirteen†. Tracy (7th grader) becomes friends with the most popular girl in school, Evie, and is introduced to drugs, alcohol and sex. But Peer pressure was first and most evident when Tracy first hung out with Evie at a popular clothing store. Tracy shockingly witnesses Evie and her friend stealing clothing and accessories but steps outside the store as she knew it was wrong, and was laughed at and looked down by them. She had a moment to herself and thought about what had just happened. Ironically, a woman then sat next to her, and put her purse down. Tracy had a thought to herself. And only moments later, reunites with Evie, showing the wallet she had stolen and all the money that was inside. Evie’s attitude toward Tracy was flipped and was then happily welcomed by her. This shows a form of peer power as Tracy is felt unwelcomed and as if she weren’t fitting in, leading her to feel pressured into stealing aswell. Both power and powerlessness is shown by the main character Tracy in this scene. Powerlessness is shown through the technique juxtaposition, as Evie and her friend are always positioned close together, where as Tracy is always by herself ; portraying power over Tracy. But at the end of this scene, when Tracy decided to steal the purse, she was welcomed by Evie and the use of up-beat music showed power as they walked happily together; ending the scene. Again, my poster promotes the theme of peer pressure through visual techniques such as colour. The colour of the people in the background are coloured in a shade of black, to contrast with the main image of the person in the foreground, to represent isolation and power over her. Also, the gestures made by the main image, (e. g. er stance and facials) show the feel of uneasiness in the situation, as she is under pressure by her peers. This contrasting image reflects how in the film, Tracy felt powerless and also uneasy about the situation she was in, but eventually gave in due to her peers. To conclude, peer pressure is clearly present in both the related texts â€Å"A Porperty of the Clan† and the film† thirteen†. Peer pressure is an inevitable part of life, which everyone will eve tually encounter; And these both these texts show the consequences of such. A Property of the Clan Essay Page 28, Jared confesses to Ricko that he had witnessed the raping of Tracy that night at Black Rock. But Jared had not said anything to anyone as those who committed the felony, were in fact his friends. Jared tells Ricko â€Å"It’s a madhouse. Davo and them running round saying don’t be a dobber, and then the posters on telegraph poles. Shame Black Rock Shame. † This cleary portrays peer pressure as he feels as though he needs to refrain from telling the truth, to not be labelled a snitch. And he is put under more pressure considering the fact that they are his friends, and he believes that he cannot go against them, even if it is the right thing to do. After Jared tells Ricko what he had saw, Ricko gets defensive and tells Jared to keep his mouth shut. â€Å"Forget you even saw it. Nobody knows you were there. It’s just the way things happen. †. Jared respons with â€Å"All right! † This represents peer pressure as Jared is put on the spot and being hassled not to tell anyone what he had seen. Jared’s response with â€Å"All right! † shows him giving into peer pressure and is listening to what they are telling him to do. Powerlessness is shown in this scene by the main character Jared, as he is the vitim in the situation. This is shown mainly with the use of language techniques. For instance, page 31, â€Å"Not a word. Not a name. Not a single fucking name. Get it? † says Ricko. The use of slang and cursive lauguage by Ricko portrays aggressiveness toward Jared, putting Jared in a powerless state as he listens and just goes with it, not saying one word. Also, this use of launguage portrays Ricko’s assertivness and puts Jared in a state where he cannot do anything about it, and that he has to listen to him. He is powerless in the situation. My poster promotes peer pressure through visual techniques such as juxaposition. This is evident as in the background, the people are positioned close together as a group, to show isolation and power over the main image of the girl. Also the use of colour is simple but eye-catching as it creates the focal point (girl) due to the contrast in colour (black and white). This layout portrays how in the play, Jared is left to decide for himself, whether he should do the right thing, or stick by his peers. Peer pressure also plays a huge role in the film â€Å"Thirteen†. Tracy (7th grader) becomes friends with the most popular girl in school, Evie, and is introduced to drugs, alcohol and sex. But Peer pressure was first and most evident when Tracy first hung out with Evie at a popular clothing store. Tracy shockingly witnesses Evie and her friend stealing clothing and accessories but steps outside the store as she knew it was wrong, and was laughed at and looked down by them. She had a moment to herself and thought about what had just happened. Ironically, a woman then sat next to her, and put her purse down. Tracy had a thought to herself. And only moments later, reunites with Evie, showing the wallet she had stolen and all the money that was inside. Evie’s attitude toward Tracy was flipped and was then happily welcomed by her. This shows a form of peer power as Tracy is felt unwelcomed and as if she weren’t fitting in, leading her to feel pressured into stealing aswell. Both power and powerlessness is shown by the main character Tracy in this scene. Powerlessness is shown through the technique juxtaposition, as Evie and her friend are always positioned close together, where as Tracy is always by herself ; portraying power over Tracy. But at the end of this scene, when Tracy decided to steal the purse, she was welcomed by Evie and the use of up-beat music showed power as they walked happily together; ending the scene. Again, my poster promotes the theme of peer pressure through visual techniques such as colour. The colour of the people in the background are coloured in a shade of black, to contrast with the main image of the person in the foreground, to represent isolation and power over her. Also, the gestures made by the main image, (e. g. er stance and facials) show the feel of uneasiness in the situation, as she is under pressure by her peers. This contrasting image reflects how in the film, Tracy felt powerless and also uneasy about the situation she was in, but eventually gave in due to her peers. To conclude, peer pressure is clearly present in both the related texts â€Å"A Porperty of the Clan† and the film† thirteen†. Peer pressure is an inevitable part of life, which everyone will eve tually encounter; And these both these texts show the consequences of such.

Sentence Supervision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sentence Supervision - Essay Example On the surface these measures seem adequate to deter future and repeat offenders, ensure the safety of the public and to allay the fears of the populace. However a deeper study of the issue reveals there is little scientific evidence to support the perceived effectiveness of these measures. In fact harsher sentences and more stringent parole requirements tend to defeat the very purposes they are supposed to serve. Thus a critical evaluation of sentencing and post - sentence supervision as measures to control dangerous offenders helps provide a comprehensive analysis of their use and the detrimental effects they are likely to have in the criminological process. Initially the acute need for sentencing and post - sentence supervision was felt following the occurrence of certain horrific crimes like the James Bulger, Sarah Payne cases and similar killings. These terrible crimes sent shockwaves rippling through the nation and led to a huge outcry from the impassioned populace. The media played its part in fuelling public outrage and there was a clamour for severe punishments to be handed out to the perpetrators of such heinous crimes. In the aftermath of these killings, the political climate favoured the inclusion of legal provisions to control dangerous offenders by the use of longer sentences and supervision. Such steps served as an opiate to public passions. Unfortunately these measures have not been implemented on the basis of sound scientific study, rather as Tonry points out they reflect a "reduced tolerance of risks in 'late modern society', punitive public attitudes and the cynicism of a political class that chooses to pander to public fears and primitive passions".2 Another reason for the employment of stricter sentencing and supervision was the belief that it would carry out some of the aims of the criminal justice system. For instance it was believed that sentencing and supervision by means of parole officers would serve as a method of crime prevention. It would serve a dual purpose of dealing harshly with dangerous offenders while reducing the risk of reoffending. Theoretically this premise appears to be sound, unfortunately as Ashworth puts it, " it does not follow from any of this that increases in sentence levels will bring about increases in general crime prevention". 3 Dangerous Offenders and the Law Measures for controlling dangerous offenders are outlined under the Criminal Justice Act 2003. When convicted of a 'serious offence', the offender may be condemned to life imprisonment, imprisonment for public protection or extended sentences. Serious offences refer to specified crimes (mentioned under this law) that are usually violent or sexual in nature. Life sentences are imposed on murderers and offenders who have already been convicted for a serious offence. In the words of Hungerford - Welch, "Under s 225(2), if the offence is punishable with life imprisonment and the court considers that the seriousness of the offence (or of the offence and one or more offences associated with it) is such as to justify the imposition of a sentence of imprisonment for life, then the court must impose a life sentence". 4 If the gravity of the crime is

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 32

Case Study Example Talent and succession planning has become an important area of focus as far as organizational leadership is concerned. Many business organizations are coming up with ways of ensuring that they develop among their current staff, which is able to steer them through the changing times to make the organizations successful. This paper examines how the process of talent and succession planning in organizations is taking shape, using the case study of Apple inc., a technology giant in the United States and the world at large. Talent management as used in most multinational organizations refers to the process of implementing systems and strategies that are properly designed and integrated in order to create and enhance the productivity and efficiency of employees. This process can only be achieved through attracting, developing, retaining employees that have aptitudes and skills for meeting current needs and those in future for the business. Talent management can also be described as the chief driver of organizational performance and success by ensuring that the top management is able to have employees that can take on the changing roles and functions in the company. Research reports have indicated that about 85% of all human resource managers in organizations are of the view that one of the greatest obstacles to effective workforce leadership and management is the creation and maintenance of an organisation ability to compete for talent (Cohn, Khurana & Reeves 276). This understanding means that talent management is being ranked as a practice that bears a strategic advantage for companies, especially in these changing times for businesses. Therefore, one of the main functions of effective leadership is to ensure that businesses are better placed create a workforce that will always be there for the present and future success of the company. In response towards the rapidly changing business environment, organizational leaders are supposed to have a

Management Report and Proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Management Report and Proposal - Dissertation Example While discussing on the lines of fast diffusion of the internet connectivity in various corners of the world, it can be said that the emergence of the internet has been tremendously accelerated on the basis of fast acceptance and penetration of various kinds of technological gadgets like the I-pads, I phones by the masses around the world. With the rapid acceptance of the internet connectivity in both the developing as well as the developed countries, the entire world has become globally connected through the virtual and digital platform. It is of considerable importance to mention that because of this global interconnectivity there has been a tremendous shift in the power balance in the market. The internet connectivity has brought forward the power of knowledge to the consumers around the world. The easy access of knowledge by the consumers of both the developed as well as the developing regions is increasingly paving the way for trends related to digitization. Because of the trend s of digitization, there has been a tremendous amount of cross border demand for various products and services that are increasingly emerging from multiple small and big points around the world. It needs to be mentioned that these new kinds of demands are increasingly creating a shift of power balance in the market dynamics all around the world. Previously what used to be a market that is dominated by the power the sellers has paved the roads for the market that is being dominated by the buyers and consumers. Because of this new modification and shift on the lines of consumer demand, many new as well as existing companies are sensing tremendous amount of business opportunity for various kinds of new as well as innovative business products and solutions. In order to tap the business opportunities that are brewing in the markets of the developing as well as the developed region, the companies that are located in various geographies around the world are seriously considering on the opt ions related to entering into newer markets. It is utterly relevant to mention that the internet is playing a tremendously catalytic role in regards to providing the information that is highly necessary for the purpose of entering these new markets. Since, more and more companies of multinational as well as international and transnational nature are slowly starting to enter into the market of a particular region of a new country or location, the level of competition in the market of that particular region is starting to rise. This is in return creating a pressure on the already existing companies to stay tremendously competitive in the marketplace. In an attempt to stay competitive in the market place, the companies in many markets around the world are increasingly trying to sport a lean structure, while cutting organizational costs. Because of the trimming down of organization related operating expenses, there has been a direct impact in regards to the amount of manpower that will be maintained by the company as an asset. Thus, it is creating the trends of

Perovskite Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Design

Perovskite Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Design Theoretical design of efficient perovskite electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction Summary This project aims to engineer perovskite materials as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 to fuel conversion. Perovskite are appealing candidates because of their wide ranging and complex electronic structures. There is a scope to break some of the limitations of metallic catalysts to come up with new efficient electro catalyst. The endless varieties of electronic properties oxides’ show are truly astounding. We would like to search this large materials space systematically for possible catalyst with improved activity for CO2 reduction. However, they should also be active, stable and conductive at relevant potentials to meet application targets. Identification and establishment of design principles for efficient oxide catalyst for CO2 reduction will mark the scientific part of this project. Efforts to be made for predicting molecular pathway of CO2 reduction reactions and develop unified search criterion like descriptors regarding these reactions. Then this knowledge to be appl ied for high throughput computational search for best perovskite electrocatalysts. In this project we plan to utilize the latest simulation methodologies developed based on density functional theory (DFT) towards understanding the molecular mechanism of CO2 to fuel conversion on oxide surfaces. Further on, we will explore kinetic barriers using nudged elastic band (NEB) method to come up with possible efficient electro catalyst. Introduction and perspective on impact Global energy consumption will increase manifold in a few decades as larger fraction of world population achieves higher quality of life. This demand could be met from fossil fuels, particularly coal. However, in recent time, carbon dioxide level in the air has reached the highest (>400 ppm) of the last 20 million years, causing radical and largely unpredictable changes in the environment. Thus to maintain sustainability for human kind, it will require invention, development, and deployment of carbon-neutral energy production at a scale larger than, the entire energy supply in modern civilization. To support high penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power it would require a commensurate increase in energy storage capacity to integrate them into the electrical power grid. This is to facilitate reliability in power delivery by smoothing out the large fluctuations. Electrochemical conversion of CO2 and H2O into liquid fuels is the holy grail where high density renewable energy storage and CO2 capture meet each other. However, no electro-catalyst known to man can catalyse this reaction efficiently. Copper (Cu) is the only metal with considerable activity, but its efficiency and selectivity for liquid fuels are far too low for practical use. Ruthenium dioxide can convert CO2 to methanol at a low overpotential, however, the process is rather unselective and ruthenium is extremely scarce. It is of utmost importance to discover efficient electro catalyst with low over potential, high faraday efficiency and most importantly, made of earth abundant elements. Recent success obtained in photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on SrTiO3 surfaces and electrocatalytic reduction of the same on Lanthanum Strontium Cuprate perovskite leads us towards selecting oxides especially perovskite as the most promising class of materials to study. The potential phase space of (mixed metal at A and B site) perovskite materials is very large, thus experimentally testing all compounds is not practically feasible, but has to be narrowed down through computational screening. Simulation science has taken up a key role in development of new energy materials in the last couple of years, through computation of materials properties, which are difficult to measure experimentally. Development in computer power has enabled large-scale materials screening and design at atomistic scale. Within catalyst design, simulations can identify restrictions on catalyst activity and selectivity caused by scaling laws, and these laws enable efficient prediction of activity or selectivity for possible new catalysts. Background Hori did seminal work on electrochemical reduction of CO2 on pure metals. Cu is the only metal that does not desorb CO and can uniquely reduce CO2 to significant quantities of hydrocarbons (mainly CH4 and C2H4). Reduction of CO2 on Cu is accompanied with a very high over-potential that hinders this reaction from being energy efficient. Recently, a mechanism that explains coppers unique ability in reducing CO2 to hydrocarbons and the origin of the high over-potential for the reduction of CO2 was identified by DFT calculations in conjunction with computational hydrogen electrode (CHE) model. Since electrochemical CO2 reduction to methane is an eight electron-proton transfer step that has seven intermediates, finding the best catalyst in principle demands understanding of a seven-dimensional molecule surface interaction space. Fortunately, the binding energies of carbon bounded species and oxygen bounded species scale with the binding energies of CO and OH, respectively. These correlati ons reduce the dimensionality to two binding energies but make it difficult to change the binding energies independently. Based on different reaction pathways and scaling relations Peterson and co-workers constructed volcano plots for different metals. It was shown that regardless of the reaction pathway, changing the metal surface marginally changes the over-potential. This helped to move the focus on other class of catalysts e,g, rutile oxides (Ru/Ir/Ti) can catalyze the conversion of CO2 to alcohols. However, very little is known about the reduction of CO2 to alcohols on oxide electrocatalysts. As the binding energies of OH/CO vary much widely on oxides than metals, it is possible to have different pathways and thermodynamic limiting steps on oxide surfaces than metallic ones. That makes template based computational search much more challenging, at the same time opening up possibilities of adsorbate-surface binding energies away from the established scaling laws. In general, there are three criteria that should be fulfilled by a newly proposed catalyst material: The catalyst should have high selectivity towards desired product It should have high energy efficiency, i.e. low reduction over-potential It should be stable at potentials of interest so that the activity does not degrade over time It should have sufficient electronic/polaronic conductivity Research plan For the thermodynamic pathway of the reactions, computational hydrogen electrode model will be followed to calculate the potential dependent reaction free energies from density functional theory based calculations using BEEF-vdW functional and PAW method as implemented in VASP. Corrections for zero point energy, heat capacity, entropic contribution and other energy correction for free molecules will be taken into account. Usage of BEEF-vdW functional will enable the estimation of errors in first principles calculations and describe proper long range van der Waals interaction between adsorbates and surfaces. Statistical tools will be used to calculate corrections from vibrational modes of the adsorbates. In addition, to describe correctly the electronic structure of late transition and rare-earth metals, Hubbard U correction method will be employed as and when required. To know atomic structure of the catalyst surface, which is key to these calculations, potential dependent surface Po urbaix diagrams will be constructed. Kinetic barriers for individual reaction steps will be searched with the climbing image nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) method. This method lets us find saddle points and minimum energy paths between two atomic configurations and works by optimizing a number of intermediate images along the reaction path. Using this methodology to study CO2 reduction over a handful of well-known perovskite materials, we will be able to establish activity descriptors for favorable catalysts. Through Brà ¸nsted–Evans–Polanyi relation between the activation energy and the reaction energy extends scaling laws to kinetic barriers as well. Using thermodynamic and kinetic scaling laws, it will be feasible to define most critical descriptors of the many electron reactions. These descriptors along with selectivity based parameters (e.g. suppressed hydrogen evolution) will be used to screen through a really large phase space of perovskite structures constructed in a 2x2x2 supercell (40 atoms) by using a large number of different elements in A/B or anion site as well as vacancies which are common in many perovskite materials. Significant fraction of these hypothetical structures will be discarded through simple rules like oxidation number sum, Goldstein’s rule and Valence Bond models. In th e screening process, the stability of possible structures are assessed using an accurate scheme of comparing the total energy of each compound to a pool of reference systems using a linear programming algorithm, to determine whether the material is stable or not. The further level of screening will include looking for materials with small or no bandgap using GLLB-sc functional. This is a crude approximation for screening purpose. For few selected structures, other conduction mechanism such as quantum tunneling or polaron hopping will be studied in more detail using Marcus theory for polaron hopping and non-equilibrium Green function based transport modelling. Even with the large reduction in search space through simple rule based screening, it will be impossible to perform DFT calculation for all of the possible structure. A genetic algorithm based search will enable us to effectively get the fittest candidates with existing computational resources. The parameters for the fit function will be similar as discussed above. Concepts of mutation and crossover will be used for quick searching. The project will be carried out in collaboration with experimentalist from DTU Energy Conversion (Prof. Nini Pryds and his group) and DTU Physics (Prof. Ib Chorkendorff and group). This will enable rapid experimental validation of predicted materials as effective CO2 reduction electrocatalyst. Work package and milestones WP1: Establish reaction mechanism (Jan 2015 – Aug 2015) 1.1 Calculate atomistic structure of SrTiO3 and NaNbO3 (100) and (110) surfaces from surface Pourbaix diagram 1.2 Study wide variety adsorbates to confirm reaction pathway to alkane and alcohols 1.3 Estimate kinetic barriers for the reaction paths WP2: Search for Descriptor (Sept 2015 – Feb 2016) 2.1 Calculate thermodynamic and kinetic barrier for CO2 reduction reactions for larger number (~50) of well-known perovskite. 2.2 Study these barriers for identifying best descriptors for the reactions 2.3 Do micro-kinetic modelling of the system considering different final products both carbonaceous and hydrogen based of the descriptors of reactions, to define region of selectivity and low over-potential requirement. WP2: High throughput computing based catalyst search and validation (Mar 2015 – Dec 2016) 3.1 Setup Computational infrastructure (e.g. software framework working in unison) required for screening methodology over billions of structures. The layers in the screening (rule based and calculation based) as well as the genetic algorithm based evolutionary search tool has to work in tandem. 3.2 Perform the large scale search for optimum binding energies, kinetic barrier, conductivity and selectivity through GA based exploration of the phase space. The fit criterion for a specific product to be defined based on the results of the micro-kinetic modelling. 3.3 Synthesize and run experiments for measuring activity of a handful of selected candidates for different end products Resource requirement The scale of the computational search and complexity requires tier0 type supercomputing infrastructure. I expect to be able to use ~8 million cpu hours in the DTU HPC resource – NIFLHEIM. Applications have also been made for another 20 million cpu hours under the European supercomputing program – PRACE. Scientific dissemination The fundamental insight developed, catalyst predicted and validated throughout this project will generate utmost interest in the catalysis for sustainable energy field internationally. Thus findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals with a high visibility. Such publications can be expected during 4Q of 2015 and 2016. Preliminary results will be presented at relevant conferences within the fields of electrocatalysis, computational electrochemistry and surface science. Besides contributing to fundamental insight the project is focused on specific catalyst design and it is therefore an objective that one or more patents will be filed for at the end of the period.

Smoking Cigarettes Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

Smoking The first article for review is titled Self-efficacy, Health Locus of Control, and Smoking. This article studies how the participants confidence levels and health locus prior to entering treatment predicts results of the quitting program. The program is called "Fresh Start" and was conducted in Victoria, Australia. It consisted of three groups: (A) those who made an attempt (Stop for one day), (B) those who met criteria in A, and did not smoke for duration of program, (C) those who abstained for six months. Confidence was tested by questionnaires (post, during and at 6-month period). Health Locus is defined by how the participant attributed health outcomes (internal, external or by chance). The results of this experiment showed that those individuals across the three groups who had high levels of self-efficacy was related not to the number of attempts to quit, but the success of the attempts, while "the role of Health Locus of Control [was found to be] complex needing further investigation" (Stuart, Borland, & McMurray, 1994, p. 1). The second article for review is titled, Sensation Seeking, Nicotine Dependence, and Smoking Motivation in Female and Male Smokers. This study was conducted using a sample of French smokers (36 F, 60 M) and non-smokers (23 F, 45 M). The goal of the experiment was to study "the relationship between sensation seeking and smoking" (p. 221). The objectives of the study was (a) to see if smokers are higher in sensation seeking than their non-smoking counterparts, (b) to see if there are any gender forces in smoking and sensation seeking, and (c) to examine "in each sex, the nature of the relationship between sensation seeking and smoking" (p. 221). These three items were measured on four sub-scales, they are: 1) The Disinhibition subscale (DIS) - shows desire to be socially open, extroverted 2) The Thrill and Adventure Seeking subscale (TA... ...s, 19(3), (p. 219- 227). Pergaman Press Ltd., Oxford, England. Crittendens, K.S., Manfredi, C., Lacey, L., Warnecke, R., & Parsons, J. (1994). "Measuring Readiness and Motivation to Quit Smoking among Women in Public Health Clinics" in Addictive Behaviors, 19(5), (p. 497-507). Pergaman Press Ltd., Oxford, England. Garvey, A.J., Hitchcock, J.L., Heinold, J.W., Rosner, B. (1992). Addictive Behaviors, 17, (p. 367-377). Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, England. Grove, R.J. (1993). "Attributional Correlates of Cessation Self-Efficacy Among Smokers" in Addictive Behaviors, 18(3), (p. 311-320). Pergaman Press Ltd., Oxford, England. Parrott, A.C. (1993). "Cigarette Smoking: Effects Upon Self-Rated Stress and Arousal over the Day", in Addictive Behaviors, 18(4), (p. 389-395). Pergaman Press Ltd., Oxford, England. Stuart, K., Borland, R., McMurray, N. (1994). "Self-Efficacy, Health Locus of Control, and Smoking Cessation" in Addictive Behaviors, 19(1) (p. 1-12). Pergaman Press Ltd., Oxford, England.

Horror of Holiday

This summer I went to camp with my friends. It was one day and night trip. There were about 12 children. We put up our tent near the river to hear river flows and swim. To me beginning was extremely nice. But suddenly it rained so heavily. Because of the rain we all got wet and cold. Although we knew there were no branches that didn’t wet, we decided to collect branches to make a fire. Also it was getting darker. So I climbed the forest with my 5 male friends. The one of them was climbing more higher and higher.Suddenly he came down so quickly and said that a drop of water dropped on his head from tree. He surprised and looked around there was nothing except that tree. His face was looked pale and frightened. Because of that we were so afraid. However, we started collecting branches. When I sat down to collect few branches, something hit my back. So I asked my friends who was he that threw branch at me? They all said they are not except only one friend of mine who was smiling secretly. So I asked him. He also said â€Å"I’m not†. I got goosebumps and about to cry.But he said â€Å"I threw only cone of pine at you†. That was really relief. When we finished and went back, I was walking in front of them. They called me loudly and made me to stop walking. They run to me quickly, said there was something behind me and following my steps. I was really afraid and began to cry. Suddenly they all comforted and hugged me warmly, and said â€Å"it was only joke† with big smile. Altough they told me it was joke, I couldn’t talk anymore about 4 hours. That was the worst holiday in my life†¦ Anartsetseg. E

How does Tim Butcher emphasise the problems and possible dangers faced on his journey during this passage?

There are many ways in which Tim Butcher emphasises danger during this passage; he does this through his language and through using other techniques such as using triplets. One example of danger is at the very start of the passage (bottom of page 59) and this is where we see the first use of a triplet – using this technique emphasises just how dangerous the Congo can be: â€Å"Thoughts of assassination, acid baths and dismembered bodies† This triplet is used to show the possible, brutal ways of facing death in the Congo – the fact that these are Butchers thoughts imply that he is worrying about facing his death in this way, the horror of it is something no one wants to experience. Butcher also uses an accumulative effect with this list of three as the next situation appears to be worse than the previous. Regardless of this, these three horrific examples are murders which are clearly planned and they show no respect for the dead. An assassination is usually an intentional act aimed at specific subject. As for the other two, acid baths and dismembered bodies seem to be two ways of hiding evidence and getting rid of a body. Neither of these three acts are accidents; all of them are intentional and done on purpose. Following on from this sentence, he mentions that the list of three were the only dark images on his mind. By saying that they weren’t the only images shows that there are many other situations he could be faced with, all of the same sort. The word ‘dark’ conveys the idea of how negative each of his thoughts are as it has connotations liked with is such as death and violence. Already from this first paragraph in the passage, we can see how much potential danger Tim Butcher could be faced with. Another way in which Tim Butcher presents danger is by using an anecdote of a friend who came close to death at the exact same airport he is at now – this makes the potential danger towards Butcher seem higher. The fact that his friend came close to death at the same place as him shows just how high the chance of him also facing death is. What really puts more emphasis on how dangerous the area is is when Butcher mentions his friend covers international crisis. This shows that he will have experienced many types of problems in his past – but none as bad as the Congo. Tim Butcher during this passage shows the majority of danger and problems through his choice of diction and emotive language. During the anecdote, he mentions that troops loyal to Mobuto were becoming increasingly desperate and were hoping to escape. Desperate’ shows how much troops wanted to escape from the power of Mobuto and the phrase ‘hoping to escape’ makes us think that the troops know escaping may be hard or even impossible, but they still try. The Congo is evidently a dangerous place especially for Journalists, as journalists are suspected to be Spies – Congolese people have no time to waste and judge this very quickly, we can tell this as Butcher tells us his friend was Seized. Being seized shows that an arrest was sudden and there was no hesitation in doing it. It comes across as forceful and out of the blue. After being seized, journalists are also stripped at Gunpoint – this shows a sense of danger as stripping someone to their underpants is immediate humiliation and shows vulnerability. Being held at gunpoint means that his friend was facing death, but to make this situation worse, the guards had him in this way for several terrifying hours. We can see here that the experience was being prolonged over seven hours; this makes the situation tenser for the victim as they could be shot at any minute – this is what makes it so terrifying. This section of the passage instantly tells us that the Congolese people are willing to kill. Shortly after this it is mentioned that it took hours of desperate pleading to convince the guards they were simply journalists. Desperate pleading shows how innocent the journalists are as they know having tapes gave the Congolese people the wrong impression. By the use of the word convincing, it implies that the guards weren’t taking their word for it and genuinely believed they were spies. Tim Butcher has again used the idea of the situation being prolonged over a long period of time to emphasise how serious it was. By mentioning they were ‘simply journalists’ it shows how strict the guards are in the Congo; it must have been obvious that the visitors were just journalists and the Congolese people should know they get visitors but they take things too far. During this passage, there is another example of vulnerability being shown; this occurs when an Asian lady lands into the airport and has her luggage taken off her and she has to auction for it to given back to her.